Living with Pets or Others May Help Slow Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
A large British study suggests that living with others, whether another person or a pet, may slow down the decline in cognitive skills that tends to come as people age.
The Impact of Living Arrangements on Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline in older adults is a significant public health issue, with a high prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in the aging population. Previous research has indicated that living alone and social isolation contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline.
However, a new study from the UK reveals that living with others, whether it's a human companion or a pet, may help slow down the decline in cognitive skills that frequently occurs with age. This finding highlights the importance of maintaining long-term, high-quality relationships for promoting good brain health and reducing the risk of dementia.
Dr. Leah Croll, an assistant professor of neurology at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, emphasizes the significance of having strong social connections, stating, "Research indicates that having long-term, high-quality relationships, whether that’s with family, friends, or romantic relationships, is not only important for happiness, but for promoting good brain health and reducing the risk for dementia."
The Role of Pets in Cognitive Health
In addition to human relationships, pet ownership has been shown to have positive effects on mental health, reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation in those living alone. Yet, until now, no study has directly compared the rates of cognitive decline between pet owners and non-pet owners.
The study, published in JAMA Neurology, analyzed data from nearly 8,000 adults aged 50 years and older in the UK. The researchers observed that pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in cognitive skills among older adults living alone. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive decline between pet owners living with others and pet owners living alone.
These findings suggest that pet ownership could serve as an alternative option for individuals who lack frequent interactions with other people due to their social circumstances. Pets can offer companionship, reduce feelings of loneliness, and potentially protect against the effects of isolation on cognitive decline.
Recommendations for Healthy Aging
As the US population ages and the number of single-person households increases, dementia and cognitive decline in older adults will become increasingly pressing public health issues. While this study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of living with pets or others, further research is needed to fully understand how to slow cognitive decline with age.
Dr. Croll currently advises her patients to engage in activities that promote healthy aging and prevent cognitive decline. This includes staying active, following a heart-healthy diet such as the Mediterranean diet, and maintaining social connections with friends and loved ones.
While pet ownership alone may not be a panacea for cognitive decline, it can certainly contribute to overall well-being and improve mental health in older adults. By fostering meaningful relationships and considering the impact of living arrangements, individuals can take steps to support their cognitive health as they age.
